Portugal rules out F-35 acquisition, citing fears over US policy shifts and software restrictions signalling a possible shift to European alternatives.

Citing US geopolitical instability and possible restrictions on software access, maintenance, and spare parts, Portugal has decided against purchasing F-35 fighter planes to replace its ageing F-16 fleet. 

 While the Portuguese Air Force advised buying Lockheed Martin F-35s, departing Defence Minister Nuno Melo said that changing US policy under Donald Trump’s Presidency is causing the nation to rethink its choices. 

 “We cannot ignore the geopolitical environment. The predictability of our allies is a key factor, and recent US positions within NATO force us to reconsider our choices,” Melo told Portuguese daily Público. 

This marks one of the first cases where uncertainty surrounding US foreign policy has directly impacted a major arms procurement decision. 

Concerns Over Software Access and Maintenance 

Melo expressed fears that the US government could impose restrictions on the F-35 fleet, similar to concerns the German defence industry professional raised about a potential “kill switch” that could disable key systems remotely. 

“This ally of ours, which for decades has been predictable, may impose limitations on use, maintenance, and components—everything related to operational readiness,” he warned. 

Meanwhile, Joachim Schranzhofer, head of communications at German defence firm Hensoldt, recently told Bild that concerns over US-controlled software restrictions are “more than just a rumour.” 

Portugal’s choice coincides with the nation preparing for a quick election after its centre-right cabinet fell. As countries look for substitutes for US-made equipment, the movement also reflects a more general European drive for defence autonomy. 

Despite concerns, Dutch Defence Minister Ruben Brekelmans confirmed this week that the Netherlands remains committed to its F-35 programme. However, Lisbon hasn’t yet signed a contract, which allows an opportunity for a possible turn towards fighters from Europe. 

Previously alerting Portugal’s Air Force head João Cartaxo Alves that the nation’s 30-year-old F-16s require immediate replacement and that delays might further compromise national air defence capacity.

It is known that Portugal’s budget for transition from F-16 to F-35 was around $5.5 billion. This budget does not indicate how many fighters are in question. In comparison, Romania’s budget for 32 F-35s was $6.5 billion.